{"id":3328,"date":"2026-10-28T19:03:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T17:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/makale\/kokenden-tarih-tezine-engels-ve-kivilcimli-surekliliginin-izinde\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T21:11:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T19:11:55","slug":"kokenden-tarih-tezine-engels-ve-kivilcimli-surekliliginin-izinde","status":"publish","type":"praksis_makale","link":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/makale\/kokenden-tarih-tezine-engels-ve-kivilcimli-surekliliginin-izinde\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cK\u00f6ken\u201dden \u201cTarih Tezi\u201dne: Engels ve K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 S\u00fcreklili\u011finin \u0130zinde"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2021\u2019de, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 50. y\u0131l\u0131nda an\u0131lan Dr. Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n teorik \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n odak noktalar\u0131ndan biri Tarih Tezi\u2019dir. K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131, Friedrich Engels\u2019in Ailenin, \u00d6zel M\u00fclkiyetin ve Devletin K\u00f6keni (K\u00f6ken) kitab\u0131na da ilham veren Lewis Henry Morgan\u2019\u0131n antropolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan ve \u0130bn Haldun\u2019un tarih sosyolojisinden de yararlanarak kapsaml\u0131 bir tarih tezi \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci Enternasyonal\u2019de h\u00e2kim olan \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve altyap\u0131-\u00fcstyap\u0131 kavray\u0131\u015flar\u0131, emperyalizmin zay\u0131f halkas\u0131 ve e\u015fitsiz geli\u015fim gibi temalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131yor, kapitalizmin \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7leri son kertesine dek geli\u015ftirmesini devrim i\u00e7in mutlak bir \u00f6nko\u015ful olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Bu teorik temel; politik olan\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc dinamiklerini g\u00f6rmezden geliyor, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na beklemeci ve iktidar\u0131 alma konusunda edilgen bir siyaset bi\u00e7imini dayat\u0131yordu. Sosyal demokrat i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesine kadar giden tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tetikleyen bu tutum, devrim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve geli\u015fen fa\u015fizm kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yenilgiye u\u011framas\u0131na kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 A. Gramsci ve G. Luk\u00e1cs gibi Marksizmin ekonomist yorumuna bir alternatif geli\u015ftirmeye, \u00f6zellikle de kom\u00fcnist hareket a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir y\u0131k\u0131ma yol a\u00e7an 2. Enternasyonalci mekanik tarih ve ilerleme yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde de cisimle\u015fen bu a\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli teorik hamlelerinden bir tanesi ise \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler kavram\u0131n\u0131, \u201cinsanc\u0131l \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler\u201d olarak \u00e7er\u00e7eveledi\u011fi tarihgelenek- g\u00f6renek ve kolektif aksiyon ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda geni\u015fletme \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. Tarih Tezi, bir yandan kapitalizmin gecikmi\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde geli\u015fti\u011fi toplumlarda pre-kapitalist yap\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f ve kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn kapitalist toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkilerini anlamland\u0131rma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131rken di\u011fer yandan da yap\u0131\u00f6zne ikili\u011fine yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme ile katk\u0131 sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Tarih Tezi\u2019nin \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler kavram\u0131n\u0131 bu geni\u015fletme \u00e7abas\u0131, Murat Belge\u2019nin bir ele\u015ftirisinde ortaya kondu\u011fu gibi kimi yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan Marksizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015fan bir aray\u0131\u015f olarak nitelenmi\u015ftir. Tarih Tezi\u2019nin ana prensiplerinin asl\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Engels taraf\u0131ndan K\u00f6ken\u2019de ortaya konan barbarl\u0131k ve gentilice sosyal yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc anlat\u0131s\u0131ndan beslendi\u011fi ise bu ele\u015ftiriler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015ftir. Engels\u2019in devletin ve s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumun do\u011fu\u015fu anlat\u0131s\u0131nda, K\u00f6ken kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u201cBarbarl\u0131k ve Uygarl\u0131k\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 9. B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019\u00fcnde \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7eve Tarih Tezi\u2019nin teorik omurgas\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Bu makalede, Engels\u2019in 200. Do\u011fum ve K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 50. \u00d6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcmlerinin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bu \u00f6zel momentte Tarih Tezi kapsam\u0131nda bu ikili aras\u0131ndaki zihinsel al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin izi s\u00fcr\u00fclerek Engels\u2019in \u00f6zelikle K\u00f6yl\u00fcler Sava\u015f\u0131 ve K\u00f6ken eserlerinde ortaya koydu\u011fu alternatif tarih okumas\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ilham kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ortaya konacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","praksis_konu":[90],"praksis_yazar":[468],"praksis_anahtar":[],"class_list":["post-3328","praksis_makale","type-praksis_makale","status-publish","hentry","praksis_konu-tarih","praksis_yazar-mert-buyukkarabacak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale\/3328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/praksis_makale"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale\/3328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4139,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale\/3328\/revisions\/4139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"praksis_konu","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_konu?post=3328"},{"taxonomy":"praksis_yazar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_yazar?post=3328"},{"taxonomy":"praksis_anahtar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_anahtar?post=3328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}