{"id":3526,"date":"2026-10-28T19:03:06","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T17:03:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/makale\/19-yuzyilda-osmanli-devleti-ve-misirda-dis-borclanma-ve-avrupa-mali-sermayesinin-denetim-oruntuleri\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T21:11:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T19:11:58","slug":"19-yuzyilda-osmanli-devleti-ve-misirda-dis-borclanma-ve-avrupa-mali-sermayesinin-denetim-oruntuleri","status":"publish","type":"praksis_makale","link":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/makale\/19-yuzyilda-osmanli-devleti-ve-misirda-dis-borclanma-ve-avrupa-mali-sermayesinin-denetim-oruntuleri\/","title":{"rendered":"19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;da D\u0131\u015f Bor\u00e7lanma ve Avrupa Mali Sermayesinin Denetim \u00d6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, gelisen sanayi kapitalizminin birikim sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131s\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan para sermaye ihrac\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ivme kazand\u0131. Kapitalizmin tekelci bir evresine ge\u00e7is s\u00fcrecinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131g\u0131 mali sermayenin kontrol ettigi d\u0131s bor\u00e7lanma s\u00fcreci, bor\u00e7lu \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek maliyetle ve \u00e7esitli siyasi ve ekonomik tavizler kars\u0131l\u0131g\u0131nda ger\u00e7eklestirildi. 1870&#8217;lerde uluslararas\u0131 ekonomide yasanan kriz nedeniyle yasanan mali iflaslar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan mali sermaye, alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tahsil etmek \u00fczere bor\u00e7lu \u00fclkelerin vergi gelirleri \u00fczerinde dogrudan denetim kurdu. Bu kurumsal denetim bor\u00e7lar\u0131n tahsiline y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131na ragmen, sermayenin degerlenme aray\u0131s\u0131 dogrultusunda \u00fcretken sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tesvik eden bir rol oynad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, mali sermaye eliyle bir yandan bag\u0131ml\u0131 bir gelismeye yol a\u00e7an hiyerarsik bir uluslararas\u0131 isb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc insa edilirken diger yandan kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi d\u00fcnyada kapitalist \u00fcretim iliskilerinin gelisimi ivme kazand\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131da 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki d\u0131s bor\u00e7 mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n isleyisi ve iktisadi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devleti ve M\u0131s\u0131r \u00f6zelinde tart\u0131s\u0131lmakta, bu iki \u00fclkenin bor\u00e7lanma deneyimi \u0131s\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l kapitalizminin temel \u00f6zellikleri ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","praksis_konu":[81,90],"praksis_yazar":[56],"praksis_anahtar":[],"class_list":["post-3526","praksis_makale","type-praksis_makale","status-publish","hentry","praksis_konu-iktisat","praksis_konu-tarih","praksis_yazar-muammer-kaymak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale\/3526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/praksis_makale"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale\/3526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4337,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_makale\/3526\/revisions\/4337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"praksis_konu","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_konu?post=3526"},{"taxonomy":"praksis_yazar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_yazar?post=3526"},{"taxonomy":"praksis_anahtar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.praksis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/praksis_anahtar?post=3526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}